These rules include a " no loss " rule, overall profit percentage, grouping, marginal costing and other techniques, use of which may be improved by software tools.
2.
The balance of costs not causally assignable to the lowest level product or service can be assigned at yet higher levels within the marginal costing system's multi-level Profit & Loss ( P & L ) statement.
3.
For example, with GPK, fixed costs that relate to a product group or a product line ( e . g ., R & D, advertising costs ) are assigned to the product group or product line reporting / management dimension in the P & L . This marginal costing approach offers managers greater flexibility to view, analyze and monitor costs ( e . g ., all product and cost-to-serve costs ) for their area of responsibility.
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